{"text":[[{"start":9.7,"text":"Federal Reserve watchers expect Kevin Warsh to begin revamping the central bank’s rate guidance as soon as this month, as the newly appointed chair embarks on a sweeping overhaul of the institution."}],[{"start":21.799999999999997,"text":"Several former top officials said that they expected Warsh, whom President Donald Trump swore in to succeed Jay Powell as Fed chair in May, to begin rolling back the central bank’s “forward guidance” on interest rates as soon as the mid-June Federal Open Market Committee meeting. "}],[{"start":37.849999999999994,"text":"Warsh could refrain from submitting a forecast for interest rates as part of the central bank’s quarterly “dot plot” that highlights officials’ views on the best path of rates, some of the former officials said. "}],[{"start":50.24999999999999,"text":"The expectations that Warsh will pull back on the Fed’s forward guidance highlight how he is preparing to launch the most significant reshaping of the central bank’s role at the heart of the US economy in decades. "}],[{"start":61.8,"text":"Warsh has said repeatedly that he objects to the idea of forward guidance, a communications tool that rose in prominence during the zero-rate era as central bankers looked for ways to lower longer-term borrowing costs."}],[{"start":75.25,"text":"“Unlike many of my colleagues past and present, I don’t believe in forward guidance,” Warsh said during his Senate confirmation hearing in May. “I don’t believe that I should be previewing for you what a future decision might be.”"}],[{"start":87.05,"text":"Since then, both Trump and Treasury secretary Scott Bessent have said Warsh intends to curtail forward guidance. "}],[{"start":94.35,"text":"“Warsh appreciates the Fed’s not a particularly good forecaster. And that its credibility is not furthered by doing something that it’s not good at,” said Vincent Reinhart, a former senior Fed official and now chief economist at BNY Investments, about the dot plot. "}],[{"start":109,"text":"“I wouldn’t participate . . . you probably wouldn’t want to participate in an exercise you don’t find any value in.”"}],[{"start":115.6,"text":"Warsh could also try to remove language in the statement that hints at whether the Fed’s next move will be a rate cut or increase, known as an easing or tightening “bias”."}],[{"start":126.1,"text":"The central bank’s current easing bias has come under fire from US rate-setters, leading a trio of policymakers to dissent with the Fed’s April vote amid concerns that the Iran war was triggering a fresh wave of price pressures."}],[{"start":139.65,"text":"Since the vote, Fed governors Christopher Waller and Lisa Cook have joined the three dissenters — regional Fed presidents Beth Hammack, Lorie Logan and Neel Kashkari — in saying that they think the easing bias no longer belongs in the statement."}],[{"start":154,"text":"“The planets are aligned for something that Warsh will see is a plus for him — and the committee will see is a plus for it — which is just to eliminate all the guidance language in the June statement,” said Richard Clarida, a former Fed vice-chair who now works as Pimco’s global economics adviser."}],[{"start":170.65,"text":"A spokesperson for the Fed declined to comment."}],[{"start":174.55,"text":"The dot plot for interest rates — introduced by former Fed chair Ben Bernanke in 2012 — built on earlier economic projections, where officials outlined their views on inflation, growth and the US jobs market."}],[{"start":187.20000000000002,"text":"The exercise involves each of the 19 FOMC members submitting projections once every three months that show where they think rates ought to be one, two and three years from now."}],[{"start":198.05,"text":"Fed officials also offer their take on the longer-term target range — a signal on where they think the so-called neutral interest rate, which neither accelerates nor slows the economy, lies."}],[{"start":209.95000000000002,"text":"Warsh has said that he believes the forecasts lead officials to cling to their views on the economy long after reality has shifted, resulting in policy errors."}],[{"start":219.45000000000002,"text":"While not originally intended as a forecast of what will happen next to rates, the dot plot is very closely scrutinised on Wall Street, with changes frequently causing swings in bond, currency and equity markets."}],[{"start":231.35000000000002,"text":"“Whether you love them or hate them, the dots have provided a very important anchoring mechanism,” said Blake Gwinn, head of US rates strategy at RBC Capital Markets."}],[{"start":242.20000000000002,"text":"Guy LeBas, head of fixed income and chief fixed-income strategist at Janney Montgomery, said the dots help “keep a lid on interest rate volatility”."}],[{"start":251.9,"text":"Submitting their dots is an exercise that some on the FOMC have come to despise. Many are also uncomfortable with the excessive focus investors place on the dots as a forecast for interest rates."}],[{"start":264.1,"text":"“The dot-plots were initially viewed as a soft form of guidance, preferable to showing a consensus forecast for the committee,” said Esther George, the former head of the Kansas City Fed. “Though, since then, the interpretation [in markets] has gone well beyond its intended purpose and it’s now seen as guidance on the path of interest rates.”"}],[{"start":287.5,"text":"But current and former Fed officials have mixed views over whether or not they can scrap them at a time when the impact of the Iran war on energy prices has already upended markets’ expectations on whether the Fed’s next move will be a cut or rise in rates."}],[{"start":303.2,"text":"James Bullard, the former president of the St Louis Fed who in the past refused to make forecasts for long-term rates, said that ditching the dot plot would breach an “international standard” of central banks providing markets with lots of information about the policymaking process."}],[{"start":319.59999999999997,"text":"Bullard also noted that the use of “easing” or “tightening” bias had been used as far back as Alan Greenspan’s tenure as chair from 1987 to 2006. Warsh has often said he would like to emulate Greenspan."}],[{"start":333.29999999999995,"text":"While some officials think that many should welcome Warsh’s ideas with an open mind, others would prefer to take their time and put new frameworks in place before dropping the old ones."}],[{"start":343.34999999999997,"text":"“The whole [communications] enterprise is a giant edifice, and he’s going to have to chip away at it,” said Reinhart at BNY Investments. “The Fed doesn’t turn that quickly.”"}],[{"start":361.99999999999994,"text":""}]],"url":"https://audio.ftcn.net.cn/album/a_1780478023_1490.mp3"}